A fissure, or anal fissure, is a small tear in the lining of the anus, often caused by trauma or strain during bowel movements. It can be a painful condition that affects people of all ages but is most common among young adults and middle-aged individuals.
Sharp Pain: Intense, sharp pain during or after bowel movements, which can last from a few minutes to several hours.
Bleeding: Bright red blood on the stool or toilet paper, a common sign of a fissure.
Itching and Irritation: Persistent itching or discomfort in the anal area.
Visible Tear: A small, visible crack or tear in the skin around the anus.
Spasms: Muscle spasms in the anal sphincter that can increase pain and delay healing.
Constipation: Straining during hard or large bowel movements is a leading cause.
Chronic Diarrhea: Frequent, loose stools can also irritate the anal lining.
Childbirth: The pressure during vaginal delivery can result in fissures.
Tight Anal Sphincter Muscles: Excessive muscle tightness can contribute to the development of fissures.
Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions like Crohn's disease and other inflammatory bowel diseases can make the anal area more prone to fissures.
Most fissures heal on their own within a few weeks with proper care, but chronic fissures may require medical intervention. Treatments include increasing fiber intake, applying topical creams, or in severe cases, surgical options to promote healing.
